Selling Hell-Joseon: Dystopian Korea in Netflix K-dramas

Soonyoung Lee

Visiting Assistant Professor

Bard College

New York, US

In-Person

 Presenter  

In the wake of The Squid Game's global phenomenon, an array of Korean dramas on Netflix - notably Hellbound, All of Us Are Dead, and Sweet Home - have masterfully employed zombie, occult, and fantasy genres to cast a critical eye on Korean society. These narratives, while meticulously adhering to the established norms of horror and fantasy, ingeniously harness the genre's imagination to voice profound despair and indignation towards Korea's rigid class structure. They weave societal issues – school violence, bullying, debt, poverty, inequality – into a tapestry of horror and fantasy, marked by the haunting presence of zombies and otherworldly creatures.

This fusion of fantasy's conventions with the piercing realities of Korean life offers a compelling commentary, a narrative mirror reflecting societal woes. This innovative amalgamation of social critique within genre frameworks stands as a cornerstone in the international acclaim of K-dramas. In essence, "The Squid Game" emerges not just as an allegory for Korean society but as a metaphor for the global capitalist dilemma. The portrayal of "hell-Joseon" in these series resonates as a microcosm of the worldwide struggle against the undercurrents of capitalist structures.

Yet, the ostensibly critical veneer of K-dramas paradoxically masks the very dynamics of Korean society it seeks to expose. Themes of violence, deception, and corruption transcend character traits, embodying systemic norms. Political quandaries are reimagined as moral dilemmas of survival. The integration of military narratives in apocalyptic scenarios further entrenches the long-standing militaristic and Cold War ideologies, subtly normalizing them within the Korean societal fabric.

Soonyoung Lee

Visiting Assistant Professor

Bard College

New York, US

Soonyoung Lee is a Visiting Assistant Professor at Bard College and earned her PhD from University of California, Riverside in 2023. In her research and teaching, she explores the politics of representation in South Korean literature and films, as well as the Cold War’s influence on popular culture. Her work draws from literary studies, gender and sexuality studies, and cultural studies. She is currently writing her first book, which delves into the ideals and themes that shaped South Korean youth culture during the 1960s and 1970s.